Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by antidepressants?

The primary neurotransmitter affected by antidepressants is serotonin. Many antidepressant medications, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are designed to increase the levels of serotonin in the brain. This is achieved by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron, thus enhancing its availability in the synaptic cleft and, in turn, improving mood and alleviating symptoms of depression.

Serotonin plays a critical role in regulating mood, anxiety, and overall emotional well-being. Research has shown that alterations in serotonin levels are linked to depression and other mood disorders. Consequently, by targeting this neurotransmitter, antidepressants can significantly contribute to mood stabilization and the reduction of depressive symptoms in patients.

While other neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine also play roles in mood regulation and are affected by some antidepressants, serotonin is most commonly associated with the action of the majority of these medications. GABA is primarily an inhibitory neurotransmitter and is not the primary focus of most traditional antidepressant treatments.